Crete-Attica Interconnection Powers Up, Boosting Greek Energy Security

The Crete-Attica electrical interconnection, Greece's most ambitious electricity transmission undertaking, has officially commenced operations, seamlessly integrating Crete into the national electricity system. This monumental project, with an investment exceeding €1.1 billion, establishes a crucial cable link between the Attica region on the Greek mainland and the Heraklion area in Crete. Its successful realization involved the deployment of advanced 500 MW HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current) subsea cable systems, supplied by specialized manufacturers, forming the complete bipole interconnection, along with integrated subsea telecommunications links.

On May 21, Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO or ADMIE), the Greek transmission system operator, announced a significant milestone: the project's converter stations were energized for the first time, successfully injecting reactive power from the converters into the electrical systems of both Attica and Crete. This crucial step paved the way for the full launch.

The interconnection, meticulously constructed by IPTO's subsidiary, Ariadne Interconnection, officially became operational on May 24, marked by the successful transfer of direct current (DC) electricity. The trial operation phase is set to continue throughout the summer months, ensuring robust performance and stability.

Understanding Subsea Cables:

At the heart of such interconnections are subsea cables, critical infrastructure for transmitting electricity across bodies of water. These highly specialized cables are engineered to withstand immense pressures, corrosive environments, and dynamic ocean currents. An HVDC cable system, like those deployed in the Crete-Attica link, is particularly advantageous for long-distance bulk power transmission, especially over water. Unlike AC (Alternating Current) cables, HVDC cables experience lower transmission losses over extended distances and are more efficient for interconnecting asynchronous grids. The construction of these cables involves multiple layers: a central conductor (typically copper or aluminum), surrounded by insulation (often XLPE – cross-linked polyethylene or mass impregnated paper), a metallic sheath for waterproofing and mechanical protection, and an outer armor layer for safeguarding against external damage. The precise engineering and deployment of these power cables are paramount to the reliability and longevity of undersea power transmission systems.

Greece's Minister of Environment and Energy, Stavros Papastavrou, lauded the achievement, stating, "Through this submarine energy bridge, constructed rapidly and utilizing the most advanced technology, Crete is now a central pillar in the country's energy transition." Echoing this sentiment, Manos Manousakis, Chairman and CEO of IPTO, emphasized, "The operation of the interconnection opens a new chapter for the island’s energy security."

This groundbreaking project stands among the world’s three deepest interconnections and boasts a leading power transfer capacity of 1,000 MW for island systems. IPTO highlighted that it not only guarantees enhanced energy security for Crete but also significantly contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing annual CO2 emissions by 500,000 tons.

The interconnection's development received substantial financial backing, co-financed by the Operational Programme "Transport Infrastructure, Environment and Sustainable Development" (NSRF 2014–2020) and the "Environment and Climate Change" program of NSRF 2021–2027, totaling an amount of €535.5 million.

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